ORCID supports a range of different types of research outputs. Below is a list of the work types that are currently supported. We are aligning where possible with the COAR( Confederation of Open Access Repositories) controlled vocabularies plus we have a number of legacy work types that are still supported with the API.
Please note that some work types are only supported in our latest API version.
Academic Publications
(Books, journal articles, conference outputs, preprints and working papers)
| What we show in the User Interface | API work type for integrators | COAR Resource Type | Description |
| Book | book | book | A non-serial publication that is complete in one volume or a designated finite number of volumes. |
| Book chapter | book-chapter | A defined chapter or section of a book, usually with a separate title or number. | |
| Conference paper | conference-paper | Conference paper | A paper, published within a conference proceeding, typically the realization of a research paper reporting original research findings. |
| Conference output | conference-output | Conference output | All kinds of digital resources contributed to a conference not covered by other more specific work types. For example conference reports, conference lectures, abstracts, demonstrations, workshops. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Conference presentation | conference-presentation | Conference Presentation | A set of slides containing text, tables or figures, designed to communicate ideas or research results, for projection and viewing by an audience at a conference, symposium, seminar, lecture, workshop or other gatherings. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Conference poster | conference-poster | Conference poster | A display poster, published within a conference proceeding, typically containing text with illustrative figures and/or tables, usually reporting research results or proposing hypotheses, submitted for acceptance to and/or presented at a conference, seminar, symposium, workshop or similar event. |
| Conference proceedings | conference-proceedings | Conference proceedings | Conference proceedings is the official record of a conference meeting. It is a collection of documents which corresponds to the presentations given at the conference. It may include additional content. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Journal article | journal-article | Journal article | An article, typically the realization of a research paper reporting original research findings, published in a journal issue. |
| Preprint | preprint | Preprint | A preprint is a scientific manuscript without peer-review and has not yet been accepted by a journal, typically submitted to a public server/ repository by the author. |
| Dissertation or thesis | dissertation-thesis | Thesis | A book authored by a student containing formal presentations of research outputs submitted for examination in completion of a course of study at an institution of higher education, to fulfill the requirements for an academic degree. Also known as a dissertation. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Working paper | working-paper | Working paper | A working or discussion paper circulated publicly or among a group of peers. Certain disciplines, for example economics, issue working papers in series. |
| Other academic publication | other | Any other academic publication that is not covered by the above. |
Review and editing
(Annotations, transcriptions, reviews and editing)
| What we show in the User Interface | API work type for integrators | COAR Resource Type | Description |
| Annotation | annotation | An annotation in the sense of a legal note is a legally explanatory comment on a decision handed down by a court or arbitral tribunal. Only available in API 3.0+ | |
| Book review | book-review | Book review | A written review and critical analysis of the content, scope and quality of a book or other monographic work. |
| Journal issue or edition | journal-issue | Journal | A journal is a serial publication devoted to disseminating original research and current developments on a subject. |
| Review | review | Review | A review of others’ published work. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Transcription | transcription | Transcription | A written record of words spoken in court proceedings or in a speech, interview, broadcast, or sound recording. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Translation | translation | Translations of books and articles that identify modifications to the original edition, such as a new or revised preface. | |
| Other review or editing output | other | Any other review or editing output that is not covered by the above. |
Dissemination
(Blog posts, media articles, speeches and podcasts)
| What we show in the User Interface | API work type for integrators | COAR Resource Type | Description |
| Blog post | blog-post | Blog post | A piece of writing or other item of content published on a blog. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Dictionary entry | dictionary-entry | Entries of new words, new meanings of existing words, changes in spelling and hyphenation over a longer period of time, and grammatical changes. | |
| Encyclopedia entry | encyclopedia-entry | Authored entries in a reference work or a compendium focusing on a particular domain or on all branches of knowledge. | |
| Magazine article | magazine-article | Magazine article | A popular interest periodical usually containing articles on a variety of topics, written by various authors in a non scholarly style or a trade publication, unlike a consumer publication, covers a specific topic for people who work in that particular field or industry. |
| Newspaper article | newspaper-article | Newspaper article | Work consisting of a news item appearing in a general-interest newspaper or other general news periodical, containing information of current and timely interest in a field. |
| Report | report | Report | A report is a separately published record of research findings, research still in progress, policy developments and events, or other technical findings, usually bearing a report number and sometimes a grant number assigned by the funding agency. Also, an official record of the activities of a committee or corporate entity, the proceedings of a government body, or an investigation by an agency, whether published or private, usually archived or submitted to a higher authority, voluntarily or under mandate. In a more general sense, any formal account of facts or information related to a specific event or phenomenon, sometimes given at regular intervals. |
| Talk, interview, podcast or speech | public-speech | An oral presentation of information to the public. Including talks, interviews and podcasts. | |
| Website | website | Website | A collection of related web pages containing text, images, videos and/or other digital assets that are addressed relative to a common Uniform Resource Locator (URL). A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network. |
| Other dissemination output | other | Any other dissemination output that is not covered by the above. |
Creative
(Designs, images, video, music, sound and interactive media)
| What we show in the User Interface | API work type for integrators | Description | |
| Artistic output or performance | artistic-performance | Collection of information records that, in combination, represent a full and up-to-date history of artistic or performance outputs resulting from, or related to, the person’s research or scholarly activities. | |
| Design | design | Design | Plans, drawing or set of drawings showing how something e.g. building, product is to be made and how it will work and look. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Image | image | Image | A visual representation other than text, a still image.A visual representation other than text, including all types of moving image and still image. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Interactive resource | online-resource | Interactive resource | A resource requiring interaction from the user to be understood, executed, or experienced. Examples include forms on Web pages, applets, multimedia learning objects, chat services, or virtual reality environments. |
| Moving image or video | moving-image | Moving image | A moving display, either generated dynamically by a computer program or formed from a series of pre-recorded still images imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Musical composition | musical-composition | Musical composition | Musical composition can refer to an original piece of music, the structure of a musical piece, or the process of creating a new piece of music. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Sound | sound | Sound | A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Other creative output | other | Any other creative output that is not covered by the above. |
Data and process
(Datasets, software, plans and research tools)
| What we show in the User Interface | API work type for integrators | COAR Resource Type | Description |
| Cartographic material | cartographic-material | Cartographic material | Any material representing the whole or part of the earth or any celestial body at any scale. Cartographic materials include two- and three-dimensional maps and plans (including maps of imaginary places); aeronautical, navigational, and celestial charts; atlases; globes; block diagrams; sections; aerial photographs with a cartographic purpose; bird’s-eye views (map views), etc. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Clinical study | clinical-study | Clinical study | A work that reports on the results of a research study to evaluate interventions or exposures on biomedical or health-related outcomes. The two main types of clinical studies are interventional studies (clinical trials) and observational studies. While most clinical studies concern humans, this publication type may be used for clinical veterinary articles meeting the requisites for humans. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Dataset | data-set | Dataset | A collection of related facts and data encoded in a defined structure. |
| Data management plan | data-management-plan | Data management plan | A formal statement describing how research data will be managed and documented throughout a research project and the terms regarding the subsequent deposit of the data with a data repository for long-term management and preservation. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Physical object | physical-object | Physical sample | Physical samples include biological specimens, rock or mineral specimens, soil or sediment cores, plants and seeds, water quality samples, archaeological artefacts, or DNA and human tissue samples. Samples may be used in analyses and can be destroyed in this process, whereas specimens are preserved curated objects that can be continuously studied. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Research protocol or technique | research-technique | Research protocol | Practical methods or skills applied to particular tasks identified as part of the research. |
| Research tool | research-tool | Series of observations, measurements or facts identified from the research. | |
| Software | software | Software | A computer program in source code (text) or compiled form. |
| Other data or process output | other | Any other data or process out that is not covered by the above. |
Legal and IP
(Patents, trademarks, copyright and other legal items)
| UI Label | API work type for integrators | COAR Resource Type | Description |
| Invention | invention | Practical and original outputs arising from research. | |
| License | license | Signed agreements to exploit a piece of IP such as a process, product, data, or software. | |
| Patent | patent | Patent | A patent or patent application. |
| Registered copyright | registered-copyright | Registered ownership of rights under a system of laws for promoting both the creation of and access to artistic, literary, musical, dramatic and other creative works. | |
| Standards or policy | standards-and-policy | The development of a rule or principle that is used as a basis for judgement. | |
| Trademark | trademark | Trademark | A sign used to distinguish the goods or services of one undertaking from those of others. A trademark may consist of words and combinations of words (for instance, names or slogans), logos, figures and images, letters, numbers, sounds, or, in rare instances, smells or moving images, or a combination thereof. |
| Other legal or IP output | other | Any other legal or IP output that is not covered by the above. |
Teaching and Supervision
(Working with students)
| What we show in the User Interface | API work type for integrators | COAR Resource Type | Description |
| Lecture | lecture-speech | Lecture | Transcription of an oral presentation/talk intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject, for example by a university or college teacher. |
| Teaching material | learning-object | Learning object | A digital resource that can be reused to enhance teaching and learning. Only available in API 3.0+ |
| Supervised student publication | supervised-student-publication | Articles on research findings published jointly with or supervised by the thesis adviser. | |
| Other teaching or supervision output | other | Any other teaching and supervision output that is not covered by the above. |
Legacy Worktypes
Below is a list of work types that are still supported with our APIs but that are no longer available for users to select when adding works manually. Where possible we have listed the suggested worktype to use instead.
| Work type | Suggested work type if applicable | |
| conference-abstract | conference-output | |
| disclosure | ||
| edited-book | book | |
| manual | learning-object | |
| newsletter-article | magazine-article or newspaper-article | |
| spin-off-company | ||
| technical-standards | report | |
| test | learning-object |